Ornamental fish farming in India: market demand, costs, project report, training options and profitable species. Step-by-step guide to start a low-investment business.
Introduction
Ornamental fish farming in India is gaining huge popularity as a low-investment, high-return agribusiness. With the rise in aquarium culture in homes, hotels, hospitals, and corporate offices, the demand for beautiful aquarium fish has shot up. Globally, the ornamental fish industry is worth billions, and India is gradually becoming a leading supplier.
Some of the most popular ornamental species in India include Guppies, Goldfish, Mollies, Tetras, Angelfish, and Koi Carp. The best part of this business is that it requires small space, simple infrastructure, and basic training — making it ideal for beginners.
Market Demand for Ornamental Fish Farming in India
The demand for ornamental fish in India has been growing consistently due to:
A.Urban lifestyle & decoration trends – People prefer aquariums for relaxation and aesthetics.
B.Commercial use – Hotels, hospitals, and restaurants use aquariums for ambience.
C.Export opportunities – Indian ornamental fish are exported to Singapore, Thailand, Sri Lanka, USA, and Europe.
D.Employment generation – Many youths are taking this up as a part-time or full-time business.
👉 According to reports, the global ornamental fish market is expected to grow at 7–8% CAGR in the coming years, and India has great scope to capture a share of this market.
How to Start Ornamental Fish Farming Business
Location & Infrastructure
You don’t need huge land — even a small backyard or rooftop can be used.
Fish can be reared in cement tanks, fiberglass tanks, aquariums, or plastic tubs.
Good sunlight and clean water supply are essential.
Selection of Ornamental Fish Species
Profitable fish varieties include:
Guppy – Easy to breed, very popular.
Goldfish – High demand in India.
Mollies & Swordtails – Hardy and colorful.
Koi Carp – Premium variety for export.
Tetras & Angelfish – Attractive for hobbyists.
Water Quality Management
Maintain temperature between 20–30°C.
Use aerators for oxygen supply.
Regular cleaning and water exchange are important.
Feeding & Management
Feed includes live food (worms, mosquito larvae) and formulated pellets.
Overfeeding should be avoided to prevent pollution.
Maintain strict hygiene to avoid diseases.
Marketing Channels
Local aquarium shops
Online marketplaces
Export agents and wholesalers
Direct sale to hobbyists and pet lovers
Ornamental Fish Farming Project Report (Sample Business Plan)
Fixed Investment (Small Unit of 10 tanks):
Tanks & setup: ₹40,000 – ₹60,000
Aerators, filters, nets: ₹15,000 – ₹20,000
Initial stock (1000–2000 fish): ₹20,000 – ₹25,000
Operating Cost (Monthly):
Feed: ₹5,000 – ₹7,000
Electricity & water: ₹2,000 – ₹3,000
Miscellaneous: ₹3,000
Income Potential:
Each fish can be sold for ₹15–₹500 (depending on species).
Monthly income can reach ₹40,000–₹70,000 on a small scale.
On scaling up, profit margins go higher with export sales.
ROI: Farmers can expect 40–60% profit margin if managed properly.
Training & Courses for Ornamental Fish Farming
Training helps beginners avoid losses and manage farms scientifically.
Government Training Centers
CIFA (Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture), Odisha
CMFRI (Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute), Kochi
State Fisheries Departments (Tamil Nadu, Kerala, West Bengal)
Universities & Colleges
Tamil Nadu Fisheries University
Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies
West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences
Online & Private Training
Short online courses on aquaculture
YouTube tutorials and eBooks (PDFs available free and paid)
Training manuals like “Ornamental Fish Farming and Management”
Profitability & Future Scope
Ornamental fish farming is considered a sunrise industry in India.
Low Investment Business – Even ₹50,000–₹1 lakh is enough to start.
Rising Export Potential – Demand in the USA, Europe, and Gulf countries is increasing.
Technology Integration – IoT devices for water quality monitoring and AI-based disease detection are being introduced.
Employment Generation – Youth can earn a good living by starting small units.
Challenges in Ornamental Fish Farming
Every business has challenges, and ornamental fish farming is no exception:
Disease outbreaks – Can cause heavy losses if not controlled.
Market fluctuations – Price varies by demand and species.
Limited awareness – Many farmers are unaware of export procedures.
Water quality issues – Poor management leads to fish mortality.
With proper training, good farm management, and disease control, these challenges can be minimized.
FAQs
Q1: Is ornamental fish farming profitable in India?
👉 Yes, it is profitable with 40–60% margin, especially if you target export markets.
Q2: How much investment is required to start?
👉 Small-scale farming can be started with ₹50,000–₹1,00,000.
Q3: Which ornamental fish are most profitable?
👉 Guppies, Goldfish, Koi Carp, Angelfish, and Tetras.
Q4: Where can I get training for ornamental fish farming?
👉 Government institutes like CIFA, CMFRI, and state fisheries departments provide training.
Q5: What is the future of ornamental fish farming in India?
👉 The market is growing rapidly, with increasing export opportunities and rising domestic demand.
Conclusion
Ornamental fish farming in India is a fast-growing business opportunity for farmers, students, and entrepreneurs. With low investment, proper training, and a clear business plan, anyone can start this venture. The industry offers steady income, employment generation, and export potential.
If you are looking for a small-scale yet profitable agribusiness, ornamental fish farming can be your gateway to success.
SUGGESTED READING
1. How to Start a Fish Farm – Step-by-Step Guide
2.Fish Farming Subsidy & Government Schemes in India – Complete Guide for 2025
3.FAO Fisheries & Aquaculture – Ornamental Fish Farming
