Organic farming is the future of sustainable agriculture in India. This complete beginner’s guide explains what organic farming is, its principles, methods, benefits, and challenges. Learn how farmers can reduce chemical use, improve soil fertility, and grow healthier crops naturally. From composting, crop rotation, biofertilizers, and eco-friendly techniques to government schemes supporting organic farming, this blog covers everything you need to know. Whether you are a student, farmer, or agriculture enthusiast, discover why organic farming is important for health, environment, and income.
Introduction: Why Organic Farming Matters
In today’s world, farming is not only about
producing more food but also about producing safe, nutritious, and eco-friendly
food. The overuse of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and genetically modified
organisms (GMOs) has caused soil degradation, environmental pollution, and
health issues for humans and animals.
That’s why more farmers and consumers are turning towards organic farming. This
method focuses on sustainability, biodiversity, and natural inputs rather than
artificial chemicals. For a beginner, organic farming may sound complex, but in
reality, it’s about going back to our roots—traditional farming practices that
our ancestors followed for centuries.
In this detailed guide, we’ll cover everything you need to know about organic
farming: its meaning, principles, methods, benefits, challenges, government
schemes, and the future of organic farming in India.
What is Organic Farming? (Definition & Simple Meaning)
Organic farming is a method of agriculture
that avoids or eliminates synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, hormones, and
GMOs. Instead, it relies on natural practices such as composting, green manure,
crop rotation, and biological pest control. It focuses on maintaining soil
fertility, environmental health, and food quality.
👉 In simple terms: Organic farming means growing crops and raising
animals naturally, without using harmful chemicals, while protecting the
environment.
History & Growth of Organic Farming in India
For
thousands of years, Indian farmers used natural fertilizers (cow dung, compost,
neem extracts) and eco-friendly methods. This was organic farming at its best.
However, during the Green Revolution of the 1960s, India adopted high-yielding
varieties, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides to solve food shortages. It
boosted production but harmed soil and water in the long run.
In the 2000s, rising health concerns and global demand for chemical-free food
revived organic farming.
According to APEDA (Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export
Development Authority):
- India has the largest number of organic farmers in the world.
- India is among the top 10 exporters of organic products (cereals, pulses,
spices, tea, coffee, oilseeds). States like Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Kerala, Rajasthan, and Madhya Pradesh are
pioneers in organic farming.
Key Principles of Organic Farming
Organic farming is guided by four core
principles defined by IFOAM (International Federation of Organic Agriculture
Movements):
1. Principle of Health – Farming should enhance the health of soil, plants,
animals, humans, and the planet.
2. Principle of Ecology – Work with natural ecosystems and cycles instead of
fighting against them.
3. Principle of Fairness – Ensure fair practices for farmers, animals,
consumers, and future generations.
4. Principle of Care – Protect the environment and resources for future
generations.
Methods & Techniques Used in Organic Farming
1. Composting & Vermicomposting –
Organic waste like leaves, manure, and kitchen scraps is decomposed to make
compost. Vermicomposting uses earthworms to create nutrient-rich natural
fertilizer.
2. Crop Rotation – Changing crops season by season prevents soil nutrient
depletion and reduces pest/disease buildup.
3. Green Manure – Crops like sunhemp or dhaincha are grown and plowed back into
the soil to improve fertility.
4. Natural Pest Management – Neem oil, cow urine, chili-garlic sprays, and
beneficial insects like ladybugs are used to control pests naturally.
5. Mulching – Covering soil with dry leaves, straw, or crop residues helps
retain soil moisture and improve fertility.
6. Biological Nitrogen Fixation – Leguminous plants like pulses fix nitrogen
naturally through root bacteria.
Benefits of Organic Farming
👉 For Farmers:
- Improves soil fertility and structure.
- Reduces dependency on expensive chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
- Increases long-term farm sustainability.
👉 For Consumers:
- Provides healthier, chemical-free food.
- Rich in nutrients and antioxidants.
- Safer for children and vulnerable groups.
👉 For the Environment:
- Preserves biodiversity.
- Prevents soil erosion and water pollution.
- Reduces greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional farming.
Challenges of Organic Farming
- Lower yields initially compared to
chemical-based farming.
- Organic certification is costly and time-consuming.
- Lack of awareness among farmers.
- Pest and disease management can be difficult without chemicals.
- Limited market access and higher prices discourage consumers.
Government Schemes Supporting Organic Farming in India
1. Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY)
– Promotes cluster-based organic farming.
2. Mission Organic Value Chain Development for North Eastern Region (MOVCDNER)
– Supports organic farming in NE states.
3. Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) – Provides funds to states for organic
initiatives.
4. National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP) – Provides certification
and standards for organic produce.
Future of Organic Farming in India
The demand for organic food is increasing
globally as consumers become more health-conscious. India has huge potential to
lead the organic farming sector because of its traditional knowledge, large
farmer base, and diverse agro-climatic zones.
Future growth will depend on:
- More government support and subsidies.
- Better supply chains and market access.
- Increased consumer awareness.
- Use of technology in organic certification and farming methods.
Conclusion
Organic farming is more than just an
alternative farming method—it is the need of the hour. It ensures food safety,
restores soil health, conserves biodiversity, and protects future generations.
While challenges exist, the future of organic farming in India looks bright
with proper government support, farmer training, and consumer awareness.
👉 Whether you are a farmer, a policymaker, or a consumer, supporting
organic farming means supporting a healthier and more sustainable world.
suggested Reading
1.Natural Boost: The Farmer’s Handbook on Plant-Based Fertilizers – Free PDF Download
2.Fish Emulsion Fertilizer: The Ultimate Organic Solution for Leafy Plant Growth
3.National Centre of Organic Farming – Government of India
