Learn everything about pulses farming in India: best cultivation practices, nutrient management, pest control, government schemes, and market insights.
Introduction
Pulses are an essential component of Indian
agriculture, providing protein-rich food for millions and improving soil
fertility. This advisory covers comprehensive information to help farmers
maximize productivity and profitability in pulse farming.
Major Pulses Grown in India
India grows various pulses including Arhar
(Pigeon Pea), Moong (Green Gram), Masoor (Lentil), Chana (Chickpea), and Urad
(Black Gram). Each pulse crop has specific agro-climatic requirements and
cultivation practices.
Agro-Climatic Requirements
Pulses require well-drained soils, moderate
rainfall, and specific temperature ranges depending on the crop. Proper soil
testing and selection of suitable varieties are essential for optimum yield.
Best Cultivation Practices
Land Preparation
Prepare the field by plowing and leveling.
Ensure the soil is friable and free of weeds.
Sowing Methods
Use proper seed spacing and depth. Opt for
direct sowing or transplanting depending on the pulse type.
Seed Treatment
Treat seeds with bio-fertilizers and
fungicides to prevent early diseases and promote better germination.
Irrigation Schedule
Irrigate according to crop stage,
especially during flowering and pod formation.
Intercropping
Consider intercropping pulses with cereals
or oilseeds to improve land use efficiency and soil health.
Nutrient Management
Balanced nutrition is vital for pulses.
Both macro and micro nutrients should be applied based on soil testing.
|
Pulse Crop |
N (kg/ha) |
P2O5 (kg/ha) |
K2O (kg/ha) |
|
Arhar |
20-25 |
40-50 |
20-25 |
|
Moong |
15-20 |
30-40 |
15-20 |
|
Masoor |
20 |
40 |
20 |
|
Chana |
25 |
50 |
25 |
|
Urad |
15-20 |
30-40 |
15-20 |
Pest & Disease Advisory
Managing pests and diseases is crucial for
pulses. Regular monitoring and timely intervention can prevent crop loss.
|
Pest/Disease |
Symptoms |
Control Measures |
|
Aphids |
Curling
leaves, sticky honeydew |
Use neem
oil or insecticides |
|
Pod Borer |
Bored pods, damaged seeds |
Install pheromone traps or use bio-pesticides |
|
Rust |
Reddish-brown
pustules on leaves |
Apply
fungicides and remove infected plants |
Government Schemes & Support
Farmers can benefit from MSP, subsidies,
crop insurance, and support through FPOs to enhance pulses cultivation
profitability.
Market Potential & Profitability
Pulses have high domestic demand and export
potential. Market analysis and value addition can improve farmer incomes
significantly.
Future Scope in Pulses Farming
Organic pulses, contract farming, and
export-oriented cultivation are emerging opportunities for the coming decade.
Conclusion
By following best practices, managing
nutrients, controlling pests, and leveraging government support, farmers can
achieve sustainable and profitable pulses cultivation.
